The Sacral Thrust Test is a prone sacroiliac-region pain provocation test. It applies an anterior force through the sacrum to observe whether the client’s familiar posterior pelvic, buttock or sacroiliac-region symptoms are reproduced. A positive test may increase suspicion that the sacroiliac regio...

The Sacroiliac Compression Test is a side-lying pain provocation test used to assess whether compression through the pelvis reproduces familiar sacroiliac-region symptoms. A positive test may increase suspicion that the sacroiliac region is relevant when the symptom is familiar and other SIJ provoca...

The Sacroiliac Distraction Test is a supine sacroiliac-region pain provocation test. It applies an outward or posterior-lateral force through the anterior pelvis to stress the anterior sacroiliac ligaments and related pelvic structures. A positive test is reproduction of the client’s familiar poster...

The Seated Flexion Test is a palpatory movement assessment used to observe relative movement of the posterior superior iliac spines during forward flexion in sitting. It is often used in sacroiliac-region assessment because sitting reduces the influence of the lower limbs compared with standing. A p...

Yeoman’s Test is a prone pain provocation test commonly used in sacroiliac-region assessment. It combines hip extension with pelvic or sacral stabilisation to load the anterior pelvis, anterior hip region and sacroiliac-region tissues. A positive test is reproduction of the client’s familiar posteri...

The Standing Flexion Test is a palpatory movement assessment used to observe relative movement of the posterior superior iliac spines during standing forward flexion. It is often taught as a sacroiliac mobility test, but current evidence suggests important limitations in reliability, validity and cl...

The Mennell Sign Test, also called the Three Phase Hyperextension Test, is used to assess symptom response during staged extension loading of the lumbar spine, sacroiliac joint and hip region. A positive test is usually reproduction of the client’s familiar pain during one phase of the test. The loc...

Waddell signs are a group of clinical observations used during low back pain assessment to identify responses that may suggest a broader biopsychosocial contribution to pain. They should not be interpreted as proof that pain is fake, exaggerated, psychological or intentionally produced. A positive W...

The Slump Test is a seated neurodynamic test used to assess symptom response when the nervous system is progressively loaded through spinal flexion, cervical flexion, knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion. A positive Slump Test may suggest increased neural mechanosensitivity when it reproduces famil...

The Straight Leg Raise Test is a supine neurodynamic and symptom-response test commonly used when a client has low back pain with posterior thigh, calf or foot symptoms. It progressively loads the posterior lower limb and lumbosacral nerve roots by lifting the straight leg while monitoring symptom l...

The McKenzie Side Glide Test assesses how lumbar symptoms respond to repeated or sustained side-gliding movement. It is commonly used when a person has low back pain, referred leg symptoms, a visible lateral shift, or suspected directional preference. A positive test may involve centralisation, symp...

The Leg Lowering Test is a supine assessment used to observe how well a client can maintain lumbopelvic position while the legs are lowered from a vertical position toward the table. It is commonly used as an abdominal muscle performance, lower abdominal control or lumbopelvic control test. A strong...