The Functional Reach Test, or FRT, measures how far a person can reach forward while standing without stepping or losing balance. Duncan and colleagues introduced the FRT as a clinical measure of balance, and it has since become a widely used low-equipment dynamic balance test.  

A systematic revie...

The Chair Sit and Reach Test measures lower-body flexibility, particularly hamstring flexibility, in a seated chair position. It is widely used as part of the Senior Fitness Test battery and is a practical alternative to floor-based sit-and-reach testing for older adults. Jones, Rikli, Max and Noffa...

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The Tandem Balance Test With Eyes Closed is a narrow-base static balance assessment where the client stands heel-to-toe with visual input removed. It is more challenging than tandem stance with eyes open because the client must rely more heavily on somatosensory and vestibular...

The Tandem Balance Test measures how long a client can maintain a heel-to-toe standing position. It is more challenging than double-leg stance and less demanding than many single-leg tasks, making it useful for balance progression, foot-order comparison and older-adult balance monitoring. Your origi...

The Double-Leg Balance Eyes Closed Test assesses static standing balance without visual input. It is related to Romberg-style balance testing and sensory integration balance tasks. Romberg-style testing uses eyes-closed standing to challenge proprioceptive and vestibular contribution, but it should ...

Why Hip Extension Matters

Hip extension is one of those movements that often gets overlooked — until it becomes a problem.

It plays an important role in walking, running, squatting, deadlifting, lunging and changing direction. It also influences how the pelvis and lumbar spine move during everyday...

The Alternate-Hand Wall-Toss Test is a simple field test used to assess hand-eye coordination, visual tracking, bilateral coordination and upper-limb motor control. The client throws a ball against a wall with one hand and catches it with the opposite hand, repeating for a set time period, commonly ...

A client has limited space, poor weather makes outdoor testing difficult, and a running test is not appropriate.

The 2-Minute Step-in-Place Test provides a simple alternative that can be performed in a small area while still challenging functional endurance.

It is practical, quick and easy to repe...

Hip Pain That Keeps Coming Back? FAIS May Be Part of the Picture

Deep groin pain. A pinching feeling at the front of the hip. Reduced hip rotation. Difficulty squatting, running, pivoting, or sitting for long periods.

These signs may be associated with Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome, common...

An ACL injury is rarely just a one-time event.

For many athletes, the first reconstruction is only part of the story. The bigger concern is what happens after return to sport — because that is when the risk of a second ACL injury often becomes very real.

Despite improvements in surgery and rehabil...

A client recovering from illness, surgery or a long period of inactivity may not be ready for a maximal running test.

Instead, a six-minute walk can provide practical information about functional endurance, pacing and tolerance to sustained activity.

The result is easy to understand: how far the c...

A lateral ankle sprain is often treated like a short-term problem.

Pain settles. Swelling improves. Activity resumes.

But that is not always the end of the story.

Re-injury after a lateral ankle sprain is common, and a meaningful proportion of people go on to develop chronic ankle instability (CA...