The Slocum Test is a modified anterior drawer-style test used to assess anterolateral or anteromedial rotatory knee instability by changing tibial rotation. A positive result may suggest rotational laxity or increased anterior translation compared with the other side, but it does not confirm a speci...

The Wilson Test is a knee orthopaedic test commonly associated with osteochondritis dissecans of the medial femoral condyle. A positive result may involve familiar knee pain during extension with tibial internal rotation that reduces when the tibia is externally rotated. The test may support assessm...

The Thessaly Test is a weight-bearing rotational knee test used to assess whether twisting on a slightly flexed knee reproduces familiar joint-line symptoms that may be associated with meniscal involvement. A positive result may increase suspicion of meniscal irritation or tear when it matches the c...

The Sweep Test, also known as the stroke test or bulge sign, assesses small to moderate knee effusion by moving fluid within the suprapatellar and parapatellar regions. A positive result may indicate increased intra-articular knee fluid, but it does not identify the cause of swelling on its own.

In...

The Steinmann Test is a knee orthopaedic test used to assess whether tibial rotation reproduces joint-line pain that may be associated with meniscal irritation or meniscal injury. A positive result may increase suspicion of meniscal involvement when it matches the client’s history and other findings...

The Renné Test is a weight-bearing lateral knee pain provocation test commonly associated with iliotibial band syndrome. A positive result may increase suspicion that lateral knee pain is related to iliotibial band loading, especially when it reproduces the client’s familiar running or cycling sympt...

The Patellar Apprehension Sign assesses apprehension, guarding or familiar instability during lateral patellar translation. A positive result may increase suspicion of lateral patellar instability when it matches the client’s history and other findings, but it does not confirm a condition on its own...

The Patellar Grind Test, also called Clarke’s test or Clarke’s sign, assesses symptom response during patellofemoral compression with quadriceps contraction. A positive result may suggest patellofemoral joint irritation or anterior knee pain sensitivity, but the test has limited diagnostic value and...

Noble’s Test, also known as Noble’s Compression Test, is used to reproduce lateral knee symptoms associated with iliotibial band-related pain. A positive test may include familiar pain near the lateral femoral epicondyle during knee flexion and extension while compression is applied. High-quality di...

The Posterior Drawer Test assesses posterior tibial translation with the knee flexed, most commonly in relation to posterior cruciate ligament function. A positive result may increase suspicion of PCL-related posterior knee laxity, especially when it matches the client’s history and other findings, ...

The Pivot Shift Test assesses anterolateral rotational instability of the knee, most commonly in relation to anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. A positive result may increase suspicion of ACL-related rotational instability, especially when it matches the client’s history, but it does not confirm...

The Passive Knee Extension Test assesses hamstring flexibility and posterior thigh tension during passive knee extension. A positive result may suggest reduced hamstring extensibility or posterior chain tightness but does not diagnose injury on its own.

Introduction

Hamstring flexibility can influ...