A client may be able to walk or stand but still struggle to roll safely in bed.

Rolling is used during sleep positioning, dressing, hygiene, pressure relief, getting ready to sit up and repositioning in bed. A client who cannot roll efficiently may need more assistance, use more effort, experience ...

A client may report difficulty reaching overhead, reduced streamline position in swimming, stiffness during overhead lifting, discomfort with shoulder flexion, or a feeling that both shoulders do not move evenly.

The Combined Elevation Test gives a simple way to assess overhead movement as an integ...

A client may report difficulty reaching overhead, reduced comfort in swimming streamline positions, asymmetry during throwing, discomfort in overhead lifting, or a side-to-side difference after a period of reduced loading, pain or training interruption.

The Single Arm Combined Elevation Test gives ...

A client may report difficulty moving the jaw forward, jaw stiffness, clicking, discomfort chewing, symptoms with biting, or a feeling that the jaw does not move evenly.

The TMJ Translation Test gives a simple way to quantify forward jaw movement. It does not explain the cause of reduced translatio...

A client may report difficulty opening the mouth, jaw stiffness, clicking, discomfort chewing, symptoms with yawning, or a change in jaw movement after a flare-up or period of guarding.

The TMJ Depression Test gives a simple way to quantify jaw opening. It does not explain the cause of reduced open...

A client may report headache symptoms, upper neck stiffness, reduced ability to rotate the head, or a clear side-to-side difference when turning the head. Another client may show limited upper cervical movement after a period of neck symptoms, guarding or reduced activity.

The Neck Flexion Rotation...

A client may report difficulty squatting, sitting comfortably, rotating through the hip, changing direction, or moving into sport-specific positions. Another client may show a clear difference between left and right hip rotation after a period of pain, reduced loading or training interruption.

The ...

A client may report difficulty sitting cross-legged, limited hip rotation during squatting, discomfort changing direction, or asymmetry during sport, gym or daily tasks.

The Seated Hip External Rotation Test gives a simple way to quantify hip outward rotation in degrees. It does not explain the cau...

Upper-body pulling capacity is important for climbing, obstacle tasks, tactical roles, gymnastics, calisthenics, grappling sports, rowing-related strength, general gym training and many athletic activities.

The Chin Up Test is a bodyweight pulling assessment performed with the palms facing the clie...

Single-arm hanging capacity is important for climbing, calisthenics, gymnastics, obstacle racing, tactical tasks and advanced upper-body training.

The Single-Arm Dead Hang Test is more demanding than the standard two-hand dead hang because the entire body mass is supported through one hand and one ...

Grip endurance and hanging capacity are important for climbing, calisthenics, gymnastics, obstacle racing, tactical tasks, grip-demanding sports, manual work and general upper-body training.

The Dead Hang Test is simple to administer and requires minimal equipment. The client hangs from a secure ba...

Sit-to-stand ability is important for daily function, independence, lower-limb strength, balance confidence, sport preparation, gym training and general physical capacity.

The 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test provides a simple way to assess repeated chair-rise performance using minimal equipment. It is ...