Spurling’s Test is a cervical symptom provocation test commonly used when cervical radicular symptoms are suspected. It typically combines cervical extension, lateral flexion, rotation and gentle axial compression while monitoring for reproduction of familiar arm symptoms. A positive test may increa...

The Sharp-Purser Test is an upper cervical screening manoeuvre historically used to assess possible atlantoaxial instability, particularly in relation to transverse ligament insufficiency. It is most often discussed in populations with risk factors such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory disease,...

The Cervical Rotation Lateral Flexion Test is a neck and upper thoracic assessment commonly used to observe whether cervical rotation followed by lateral flexion is limited, uncomfortable or asymmetrical. It is often taught as a first rib mobility test and may be used when neck, shoulder girdle, upp...

The Cervical Flexion Rotation Test is an upper cervical mobility assessment used to observe rotation range while the cervical spine is held in flexion. This position is intended to limit lower cervical contribution and bias movement toward the upper cervical spine, particularly C1–C2. A positive tes...

The Cervical Distraction Test is a symptom-relief test used during neck and arm symptom assessment. The professional applies gentle axial traction to the cervical spine while monitoring whether familiar neck or upper-limb symptoms reduce. A positive test is typically symptom reduction or relief, esp...

Bakody Sign, also called the Shoulder Abduction Relief Test, assesses whether placing the symptomatic arm on top of the head reduces familiar arm symptoms. Unlike many orthopaedic tests, a positive finding is usually symptom relief rather than symptom reproduction. Relief of arm pain, paraesthesia o...

Wright Test, also known as the Hyperabduction Test, is a thoracic outlet provocation test used to observe whether shoulder abduction or hyperabduction reproduces familiar upper-limb symptoms or vascular-type changes. It is commonly associated with assessment of the retropectoralis minor or subcoraco...

Adson’s Test is a thoracic outlet provocation test used to observe whether a specific neck, shoulder and breathing position reproduces familiar upper-limb symptoms or produces a concerning vascular response. A positive test may include reproduction of familiar arm symptoms, paraesthesia, heaviness, ...

The Eden Test, also known as the Costoclavicular Test or Military Brace Test, is a thoracic outlet provocation test used to observe whether shoulder girdle positioning reproduces familiar upper-limb symptoms. It is commonly used to stress the costoclavicular space between the clavicle and first rib....

The Halstead Test, sometimes referred to as the reverse Adson manoeuvre, is a thoracic outlet symptom provocation test. It usually combines downward traction or depression of the shoulder girdle with cervical positioning while monitoring upper-limb symptoms and, in some protocols, radial pulse respo...

The Roos Stress Test, also known as the Elevated Arm Stress Test or EAST, is a thoracic outlet provocation test where the client holds the arms elevated and repeatedly opens and closes the hands for up to three minutes. A positive test may include reproduction of familiar upper-limb symptoms, paraes...

The Stork Test, also commonly referred to as the Gillet Test in sacroiliac assessment, is a standing palpatory movement test used to observe relative motion of the posterior superior iliac spine during single-leg hip flexion. The professional palpates the PSIS and sacral base while the client lifts ...