The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, or FAOS, is a 42-item patient-reported outcome measure used to assess foot- and ankle-related pain, symptoms, daily function, sport and recreation function, and quality of life. It helps professionals track how a client perceives their foot or ankle problem over tim...
The Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, or FABQ, is a 16-item patient-reported outcome measure used to assess beliefs about how physical activity and work may affect pain, most commonly in low back pain populations. It includes Physical Activity and Work subscales. Higher scores suggest stronger f...
The Ă–rebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire, or Ă–MPSQ, is a patient-reported screening tool used to identify psychosocial, functional and work-related risk factors that may be associated with persistent pain, disability or work absence. Higher scores indicate greater risk, but the Ă–rebro...
The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, or PSEQ, is a 10-item patient-reported outcome measure used to assess how confident a client feels performing activities despite pain. Each item is scored from 0 to 6, giving a total score from 0 to 60. Higher scores indicate greater pain self-efficacy. The PSEQ...
The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, or TSK, is a patient-reported questionnaire used to assess fear of movement, fear of pain or concern about re-injury. Common versions include the original 17-item TSK and the shorter 11-item TSK-11. Higher scores indicate greater fear of movement-related pain or re...
Wrist Tinel’s Test assesses whether tapping over the median nerve at the carpal tunnel reproduces familiar median nerve symptoms. A 2023 meta-analysis reported pooled sensitivity of 0.45 and specificity of 0.78 for Tinel’s sign in carpal tunnel syndrome, suggesting low sensitivity and higher specifi...
The Finkelstein Test assesses whether a controlled thumb and wrist manoeuvre reproduces familiar radial wrist pain near the first dorsal compartment. It is commonly used in suspected de Quervain’s tenosynovitis. Current clinical discussion highlights that Finkelstein and Eichhoff-style tests are oft...
The Supination Lift Test assesses whether a loaded wrist position reproduces familiar ulnar-sided wrist pain, commonly in suspected triangular fibrocartilage complex involvement. The client places the palm under a table or similar surface and attempts to lift upward, loading the wrist in supination ...
The Allen Test and Modified Allen Test assess visible hand reperfusion after temporary occlusion of radial and ulnar arterial flow. They are used as screening tools for hand collateral circulation, especially before procedures involving the radial artery. However, literature has questioned whether A...
Phalen’s Test assesses whether sustained wrist flexion reproduces median nerve distribution symptoms. It is commonly used in suspected carpal tunnel syndrome, but diagnostic accuracy varies between studies. A 2020 study of provocative tests using electrodiagnostic testing as the reference standard f...
The Scaphoid Shift Test, also called the Watson Test, assesses dynamic scaphoid movement during wrist deviation while the examiner applies pressure to the scaphoid tubercle. A positive finding may include familiar pain, clunking, subluxation sensation or apprehension. Scapholunate ligament lesions a...
The scapholunate ligament is a key wrist stabiliser between the scaphoid and lunate. Injury can contribute to radial wrist pain, clicking, grip weakness and dynamic instability, especially after a fall or loaded wrist extension injury. Recent research highlights that scapholunate ligament lesion dia...
