Maudsley’s Test assesses whether resisted middle-finger extension reproduces familiar lateral elbow pain. It is commonly used in lateral elbow tendinopathy assessment, along with Cozen’s Test, Mill’s Test, palpation and grip strength. A 2021 systematic review found that physical examination tests fo...

The Golfer’s Elbow Test assesses whether loading or stretching the wrist flexor-pronator group reproduces familiar medial elbow pain. A positive result may increase suspicion of medial epicondylalgia when it matches the client’s history, palpation and functional symptoms. Current peer-reviewed diagn...

Mill’s Test assesses whether passive stretching of the wrist extensors reproduces familiar lateral elbow pain. It is commonly used in lateral elbow tendinopathy assessment alongside Cozen’s Test, Maudsley’s Test, palpation and grip strength. A 2021 systematic review found that lateral elbow tendinop...

Polk’s Test is a loaded elbow test originally described to help differentiate lateral and medial epicondylitis-type symptoms. It uses object lifting with different forearm positions to reproduce lateral or medial elbow pain. The original 2002 article described the test as a novel method and stated i...

The Elbow Extension Sign assesses whether a client can fully extend the elbow after acute trauma. Inability to fully extend may increase suspicion of fracture, effusion or significant injury and should prompt appropriate medical assessment. A large multicentre BMJ study reported overall sensitivity ...

Cozen’s Test is a resisted wrist extension test used to assess whether loading the wrist extensor origin reproduces familiar lateral elbow pain. A positive result may increase suspicion of lateral elbow tendinopathy when the pain location, history and related findings match. A 2021 systematic review...

Elbow Quadrant Tests assess symptom response when the elbow is moved into combined end-range positions, often with forearm rotation and gentle compression. They can help map pain, pinching, stiffness, catching or locking, but current peer-reviewed diagnostic accuracy evidence for this exact test gro...

The Elbow Valgus Stress Test assesses medial elbow pain, apprehension, laxity and endpoint quality under valgus load. It is commonly used when ulnar collateral ligament involvement or throwing-related medial elbow symptoms are suspected. Contemporary throwing elbow literature emphasises that valgus ...

The Elbow Flexion Test is a physical examination test that is used to evaluate the presence of cubital tunnel syndrome, which is a compression of the ulnar nerve as it passes through the cubital tunnel at the elbow. 

Here is the procedure for performing the Elbow Flexion Test:

1. Ask the patient to...

The Scarf Test is commonly used to assess AC joint-related pain by placing the shoulder into cross-body adduction. This article outlines the protocol, interpretation, limitations and practical use within shoulder assessment.

Introduction

AC joint-related shoulder pain often presents with:

• pain
...

Upper Limb Tension Test 3 is an ulnar nerve-biased neurodynamic test. It assesses whether ulnar nerve-biased loading reproduces familiar symptoms and whether those symptoms change with structural differentiation. In a 2021 diagnostic accuracy study for cervical radiculopathy, ULNT3 had the strongest...

Yergason’s Test is used to assess long head of biceps tendon irritation and stability during resisted supination and external rotation. This article outlines the protocol, interpretation, limitations and evidence-informed use within shoulder assessment.

Introduction

Anterior shoulder pain is commo...