A client may report difficulty sitting cross-legged, limited hip rotation during squatting, discomfort changing direction, or asymmetry during sport, gym or daily tasks.

The Seated Hip External Rotation Test gives a simple way to quantify hip outward rotation in degrees. It does not explain the cau...

Upper-body pulling capacity is important for climbing, obstacle tasks, tactical roles, gymnastics, calisthenics, grappling sports, rowing-related strength, general gym training and many athletic activities.

The Chin Up Test is a bodyweight pulling assessment performed with the palms facing the clie...

Single-arm hanging capacity is important for climbing, calisthenics, gymnastics, obstacle racing, tactical tasks and advanced upper-body training.

The Single-Arm Dead Hang Test is more demanding than the standard two-hand dead hang because the entire body mass is supported through one hand and one ...

Grip endurance and hanging capacity are important for climbing, calisthenics, gymnastics, obstacle racing, tactical tasks, grip-demanding sports, manual work and general upper-body training.

The Dead Hang Test is simple to administer and requires minimal equipment. The client hangs from a secure ba...

Sit-to-stand ability is important for daily function, independence, lower-limb strength, balance confidence, sport preparation, gym training and general physical capacity.

The 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test provides a simple way to assess repeated chair-rise performance using minimal equipment. It is ...

Hamstring and posterior-chain endurance are important for running, sprinting, jumping, lifting, acceleration, deceleration and repeated lower-limb loading.

The Hamstring Raise Test provides a simple way to assess posterior-chain endurance using minimal equipment. It is usually less demanding than t...

Hamstring endurance is important for sprinting, running, jumping, deceleration, field sport, gym training and repeated hip-extension loading. The Single-Leg Hamstring Raise Test provides a practical way to assess hamstring-biased posterior-chain endurance using minimal equipment.

The result should ...

Hip adductor capacity is important for running, sprinting, kicking, cutting, change of direction, skating, field sport and repeated lower-limb loading.

Adductor Raises provide a practical way to assess adductor strength endurance using minimal equipment. The test can be modified depending on the cl...

Trunk and abdominal endurance are important for many activities, including running, lifting, field sport, occupational tasks, gym training, repeated floor-to-stand transitions and general physical capacity.

The Sit Up Test is a simple way to assess repeated trunk flexion endurance using minimal equ...

Pain is not only about intensity. Two people may rate pain as equally strong but describe it very differently. One person may describe sharp, stabbing pain, while another may describe aching, heavy or burning pain.

The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire was developed by Ronald Melzack as a quicke...

Running involves repeated loading through the trunk, pelvis, hips, knees, ankles and feet. A posterior-view assessment helps observe how the runner controls movement from side to side while running.

The posterior view is especially useful for observing frontal-plane features such as trunk shift, pe...

Running involves repeated loading through the whole body. Small changes in running speed, fatigue, footwear, surface, training history and symptoms can influence how a runner moves.

A lateral-view running gait assessment focuses on the side view. This view is useful for observing sagittal-plane fea...