The Shoulder Horizontal Adduction Test measures how far the arm moves across the body at shoulder height. It can be assessed actively or passively using a goniometer, inclinometer, tape method or consistent ROM process. The result helps track cross-body shoulder movement, compare sides and add conte...

The Shoulder Horizontal Abduction Test measures how far the arm moves backwards away from the midline when it is lifted to shoulder height. It can be assessed actively or passively using a goniometer, inclinometer or consistent ROM process. The result helps track posterior shoulder and chest-opening...

The Shoulder External Rotation 90° Test measures how far the shoulder rotates outward when the arm is abducted to approximately 90 degrees. It can be assessed actively or passively using a goniometer, inclinometer or smartphone ROM tool. The result is useful for overhead movement, throwing, pressing...

The Shoulder Internal Rotation 90° Test measures how far the shoulder rotates inward when the arm is abducted to approximately 90 degrees. It can be assessed actively or passively using a goniometer, inclinometer or smartphone ROM tool. The result is useful for overhead movement, throwing, pressing,...

The Shoulder Adduction Test measures how far the arm moves toward the body’s midline from an abducted position. It should be distinguished from shoulder horizontal adduction, which moves the arm across the front of the body. The result helps compare sides, monitor symptoms and add context to upper-l...

The Shoulder Extension Test measures how far the arm moves backwards behind the body. It can be assessed actively or passively using a goniometer, inclinometer or smartphone-based ROM process. The result helps track shoulder movement, compare sides and add context to reaching, pressing, pulling, swi...

The Shoulder Abduction Test measures how far the arm lifts out to the side and overhead. It can be assessed actively or passively using a goniometer, inclinometer or smartphone ROM tool. The result helps track overhead and side-reaching movement, compare sides and add context to shoulder strength, p...

The Shoulder Flexion Test measures how far the arm lifts forward and overhead. It can be assessed actively or passively using a goniometer, inclinometer, smartphone tool or consistent ROM workflow. The result helps track overhead movement, compare sides and add context to pressing, reaching, throwin...

The Neck Flexion Test measures how far the head and neck move forward. It is usually assessed actively in sitting using a CROM device, inclinometer, smartphone tool or consistent observation process. The result helps track cervical movement, symptoms and side-to-side or session-to-session change, bu...

The Straight Leg Raise Test measures how far the straight leg can be raised while the client lies supine. It can provide information about posterior thigh flexibility, hip flexion range and neural symptom response. The result should be recorded as an angle with pain score, symptom location, side com...

The Slump Test assesses symptom response during combined spinal flexion, knee extension and ankle movement. It is often used to explore neural mechanosensitivity or low-back-related leg symptoms, but it is not a stand-alone diagnostic test. The result should be recorded with symptom location, sympto...

The Neck Extension Test measures how far the head and neck move backwards. It is usually assessed actively in sitting using a CROM device, inclinometer or smartphone tool. The result helps track cervical movement and symptoms over time, but it should be interpreted with pain response, dizziness, hea...