The Thessaly Test is a weight-bearing rotational knee test used to assess whether twisting on a slightly flexed knee reproduces familiar joint-line symptoms that may be associated with meniscal involvement. A positive result may increase suspicion of meniscal irritation or tear when it matches the c...

The Wilson Test is a knee orthopaedic test commonly associated with osteochondritis dissecans of the medial femoral condyle. A positive result may involve familiar knee pain during extension with tibial internal rotation that reduces when the tibia is externally rotated. The test may support assessm...

The Posterior Drawer Test assesses posterior tibial translation with the knee flexed, most commonly in relation to posterior cruciate ligament function. A positive result may increase suspicion of PCL-related posterior knee laxity, especially when it matches the client’s history and other findings, ...

The Pivot Shift Test assesses anterolateral rotational instability of the knee, most commonly in relation to anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. A positive result may increase suspicion of ACL-related rotational instability, especially when it matches the client’s history, but it does not confirm...

The Patellar Grind Test, also called Clarke’s test or Clarke’s sign, assesses symptom response during patellofemoral compression with quadriceps contraction. A positive result may suggest patellofemoral joint irritation or anterior knee pain sensitivity, but the test has limited diagnostic value and...

The Patellar Apprehension Sign assesses apprehension, guarding or familiar instability during lateral patellar translation. A positive result may increase suspicion of lateral patellar instability when it matches the client’s history and other findings, but it does not confirm a condition on its own...

The Passive Knee Extension Test assesses hamstring flexibility and posterior thigh tension during passive knee extension. A positive result may suggest reduced hamstring extensibility or posterior chain tightness but does not diagnose injury on its own.

Introduction

Hamstring flexibility can influ...

Noble’s Test, also known as Noble’s Compression Test, is used to reproduce lateral knee symptoms associated with iliotibial band-related pain. A positive test may include familiar pain near the lateral femoral epicondyle during knee flexion and extension while compression is applied. High-quality di...

McMurray’s Test assesses meniscal symptom reproduction during knee flexion, extension and tibial rotation. A positive test may include familiar joint-line pain, clicking, catching or a palpable clunk. Diagnostic accuracy varies, so McMurray’s Test should be interpreted with history, joint-line tende...

The Ely Test assesses rectus femoris flexibility and anterior thigh tension during passive knee flexion. A positive result may suggest reduced quadriceps flexibility or anterior thigh tightness but does not identify the exact source of restriction on its own.

Introduction

Reduced quadriceps flexib...

The Muller Test is used to assess medial knee response to valgus stress. A positive result may include medial knee pain, increased joint opening, altered end-feel or apprehension compared with the other side. Diagnostic accuracy values for the named Muller Test are limited, so it should be interpret...

The Lever Sign Test assesses whether the heel lifts when a downward force is applied to the distal quadriceps region with the fist under the proximal calf. A positive test may occur when the heel does not lift, suggesting possible ACL involvement. Recent evidence suggests the Lever Sign Test may be ...