The Thessaly Test is a weight-bearing meniscal test performed with the knee flexed while the client rotates the body over the foot. A positive result may include familiar joint-line pain, catching, locking or mechanical symptoms. Earlier studies reported high accuracy, but later pragmatic research f...
The Sweep Test, also known as the stroke test or bulge sign, assesses small to moderate knee effusion by moving fluid within the suprapatellar and parapatellar regions. A positive test is a visible wave or bulge of fluid along the knee. It is useful for documenting swelling but does not identify the...
The Renne Test is a weight-bearing test used to reproduce lateral knee symptoms associated with iliotibial band-region pain. A positive result may include familiar lateral knee pain around the lateral femoral epicondyle during a single-leg squat or knee bend. Diagnostic accuracy evidence for the exa...
The Patellar Apprehension Sign assesses apprehension or protective response during lateral patellar translation. A positive finding may include apprehension, guarding, verbal concern or familiar instability rather than pain alone. Recent systematic review evidence supports clinical usefulness, but f...
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The Pivot Shift Test assesses dynamic anterolateral rotatory knee instability. A positive test may include a palpable or visible clunk, shift or reduction event during knee flexion. It is often more specific than sensitive, meaning a positive finding may increase suspicion of ACL involvement, wh
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The Posterior Drawer Test assesses posterior tibial translation with the knee flexed to approximately 90 degrees. A positive test may include increased posterior translation, a soft end-feel or posterior sag compared with the opposite side. The test is commonly used for suspected PCL involvement, bu...
The Passive Knee Extension Test assesses hamstring flexibility by measuring how far the knee can passively extend while the hip is flexed. A lower knee extension angle may indicate reduced hamstring flexibility under the tested setup, but it does not explain the cause on its own. Recent evidence sup...
Noble’s Test, also known as Noble’s Compression Test, is used to reproduce lateral knee symptoms associated with iliotibial band-related pain. A positive test may include familiar pain near the lateral femoral epicondyle during knee flexion and extension while compression is applied. High-quality di...
The Patellar Grind Test, also called Clarke’s Test, is used to assess whether patellar compression with quadriceps contraction reproduces anterior knee symptoms. A positive finding may include familiar retropatellar or peripatellar pain during the test. The test should be interpreted cautiously beca...
The Ely Test assesses rectus femoris length or symptom response by flexing the knee in prone while monitoring pelvic and hip movement. A positive test may include early hip flexion, pelvic lift, restricted knee flexion, anterior thigh stretch or familiar symptoms. The test can be useful for movement...
Ege’s Test is a weight-bearing knee test used to reproduce meniscal symptoms during squatting with specific foot positions. A positive finding may include joint-line pain, clicking, catching or familiar symptoms during the movement. Diagnostic accuracy evidence is limited and variable, so the test s...
McMurray’s Test assesses meniscal symptom reproduction during knee flexion, extension and tibial rotation. A positive test may include familiar joint-line pain, clicking, catching or a palpable clunk. Diagnostic accuracy varies, so McMurray’s Test should be interpreted with history, joint-line tende...
