Shoulder Orthopaedic Test: Resisted AC Joint Extension Test

The Resisted AC Joint Extension Test is a physical examination maneuver used to help identify acromioclavicular joint pathology, such as AC joint sprains or separations.

Here are the steps to perform the Resisted AC Joint Extension Test:

1. Ask the patient to sit or stand comfortably with their arm hanging at their side.
2. With one hand, grasp the patient's elbow and flex their shoulder to 90 degrees.
3. With your other hand, place your fingers over the AC joint.
4. Ask the patient to push their arm down as if they were trying to extend it against resistance.
5. Apply gentle resistance to the patient's arm as they push down.
6. Observe the AC joint for any abnormal movement or pain.
7. Repeat the test on the other side.
8. Document the result of the test in the patient's medical record.

A positive Resisted AC Joint Extension Test result is indicated by pain or tenderness over the AC joint, or by an increased separation or movement of the joint. This finding may suggest AC joint pathology, such as a sprain or separation.

The Resisted AC Joint Extension Test does not have a specific "normal" or "abnormal" result. Instead, the test is used to help identify AC joint pathology, such as AC joint sprains or separations.

References:

1. Yian EH, Ramappa AJ, Arneberg O, Gerber C. The Constant score in normal shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2005;14(2):128-133.
2. Millett PJ, Braun S, Gobezie R, Pacheco IH. The use of physical examination and imaging studies in the diagnosis of traumatic and degenerative rotator cuff tears and acromioclavicular joint injuries. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(3):404-414.
3. Griffith JF, Antonio GE, Tong CW, Ming CK. Anterior shoulder dislocation: quantification of glenoid bone loss with CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180(5):1423-1430.