Shoulder Orthopaedic Test: Bear Hug Test

The Bear Hug Test is a physical examination maneuver used to evaluate the integrity and function of the subscapularis muscle, which is one of the four muscles of the rotator cuff in the shoulder. Here is a brief description of the test:

1. Have the patient stand upright with their arms at their sides.
2. Stand behind the patient and ask them to lift their arms to shoulder height with their elbows bent to 90 degrees.
3. Place your hands on the patient's forearms and ask them to press their arms into your hands as if they are trying to hug a large bear.
4. Observe the patient's scapulae (shoulder blades) for any winging or abnormal movement.
5. Ask the patient if they experience any pain or discomfort in their shoulder during the test.
6. If the patient is unable to maintain the position or experiences pain or discomfort, this may indicate a subscapularis muscle tear or dysfunction.

The Bear Hug Test is a clinical examination maneuver used to assess subscapularis muscle dysfunction or tear. While there are no established sensitivity or specificity values for this test, abnormal findings during the Bear Hug Test may indicate subscapularis muscle dysfunction or tear.

References:

1. Jobe, F. W., Moynes, D. R., & Antonelli, D. J. (1984). Rotator cuff function during a golf swing: An electromyographic analysis. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 184, 165-171.
2. Malanga, G. A., & Nadler, S. F. (2002). Musculoskeletal Physical Examination: An Evidence-Based Approach. Elsevier Health Sciences.
3. Magee, D. J. (2013). Orthopedic Physical Assessment. Elsevier Health Sciences.
4. Shaffer, B., Tibone, J. E., & Kerlan, R. K. (1991). Frozen shoulder. A long-term follow-up. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 73(4), 440-446.