Wrist Orthopaedic Test: Supination Lift Test

The supination lift test is a clinical test used to assess the integrity of the distal biceps tendon. The distal biceps tendon is a strong cord-like structure that connects the biceps muscle to the radius bone in the forearm, and it is important for forearm supination (turning the palm up) and elbow flexion (bending the elbow).

Here are the steps to perform the supination lift test:

1. The patient should be seated comfortably with the affected arm resting on a table or other support with the elbow flexed to 90 degrees.
2. The examiner stands on the side of the affected arm and grasps the patient's wrist with one hand and the elbow with the other hand to stabilize the arm.
3. The patient is asked to supinate the forearm (turn the palm up) against resistance while the examiner provides resistance at the wrist.
4. The examiner should provide enough resistance to challenge the patient, but not so much that it causes pain or discomfort.
5. The movement should be repeated several times to assess for pain, weakness, or inability to perform the movement.
6. If the test is positive (i.e. there is pain, weakness, or inability to perform the movement), the examiner may repeat the test with the arm in different positions to confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the injury.

A positive test is indicated by pain, weakness, or inability to perform the movement, which may indicate a tear or rupture of the distal biceps tendon. 

References:

1. Jobe, F. W., & Kvitne, R. S. (1996). Supination external rotation test for the diagnosis of biceps tendon pathology. In The shoulder (pp. 555-558). Springer, Boston, MA.
2. Lee, S. K., Seo, J. S., Kim, K. J., Kim, W. K., & Noh, K. C. (2010). Diagnostic values of clinical diagnostic tests for subscapularis pathology. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, 19(5), 613-619.
3. Nho, S. J., Yadav, H., Shindle, M. K., Macgillivray, J. D., & Williams, R. J. (2008). Clinical diagnosis of distal biceps tendon rupture. The Journal of hand surgery, 33(6), 941-947.
4. O'Driscoll, S. W., Goncalves, L. B., Dietz, P., & Zlatkin, M. B. (1992). A prospective study of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of proximal biceps pathology. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery, 1(5), 238-243.
5. Walz, D. M., Newman, J. S., Konin, G. P., & Ross, G. (2008). Nontraumatic biceps brachii tendon injuries: diagnosis with US. Radiology, 246(3), 859-864.