Ankle Orthopaedic Test: Squeeze Test

The Squeeze Test is a physical examination technique that is commonly used to diagnose injuries to the ankle joint. 

Here are the steps to perform the Squeeze Test:

1. The patient should lie down on a comfortable examination table or bed and expose their ankle joint.
2. The examiner should stand or sit on the opposite side of the affected ankle.
3. The examiner should use their hands to squeeze the patient's lower leg, just above the ankle joint.
4. The examiner should then apply pressure to the medial and lateral sides of the ankle joint by squeezing the calf muscle against the tibia and fibula bones.
5. The patient will experience pain if there is a positive Squeeze Test, indicating an ankle joint injury such as an ankle sprain or syndesmotic injury.

References:

1. Magee, D. J. (2014). Orthopedic Physical Assessment-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
2. Hoppenfeld, S., & Murthy, V. (2012). Physical Examination of the Spine and Extremities. McGraw Hill Professional.
3. Speed, C. (2014). Examination of Peripheral Joints. In Clinical Sports Medicine (pp. 195-239). McGraw-Hill Education (Australia).
4. Maquirriain, J. (2015). The ankle syndesmosis: current concepts and controversies. EFORT Open Reviews, 1(5), 149-157.
5. van Dijk, C. N., Longo, U. G., Loppini, M., Florio, P., & Maltese, L. (2016). The diagnosis and management of acute syndesmotic injuries: ESSKA-AFAS consensus guidelines. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 24(4), 1217-1227.
6. Pajaczkowski, J. A., & DeAngelis, J. P. (2017). Diagnosis and management of ankle syndesmotic injuries. Orthopedic Clinics of North America, 48(1), 1-14.