Shoulder Orthopaedic Test: Yocum's Test

Yocum's test is also known as the "internal rotation resistance test" and is used to evaluate for rotator cuff impingement. Here are the steps to perform Yocum's test:

1. Ask the patient to sit or stand with the arm to be tested at the side and the elbow flexed at 90 degrees.
2. Instruct the patient to internally rotate the shoulder against resistance provided by the examiner. The examiner can place one hand on the patient's wrist and the other hand on the opposite shoulder to provide resistance.
3. Observe the patient's movement and note any pain or discomfort in the shoulder.
4. Repeat the test on the other arm.

It is important to compare the results of the affected shoulder to the unaffected shoulder to evaluate for any asymmetry in strength or pain.

It should be noted that there is some variability in the literature regarding the specific technique and interpretation of Yocum's test.

The sensitivity and specificity of Yocum's test have not been well established in the literature.

References:

1. Clinical Tests for the Musculoskeletal System: Examinations - Signs - Phenomena by Klaus Buckup (2004)
2. Musculoskeletal Examination and Assessment: A Handbook for Therapists by Nicola J. Petty and Ann P. Moore (2013)
3. Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Secrets by Jeffrey D. Placzek and David A. Boyce (2016)