Shoulder Orthopaedic Test: Passive Compression Test

The passive compression test, also known as the O'Brien test, is not typically used to detect superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) lesions. However, it can be used to assess for labral tears in general.

The passive compression test is performed as follows:

1. The patient's arm is positioned in 90 degrees of shoulder abduction and 10-15 degrees of horizontal adduction, with the elbow flexed to 90 degrees.
2. The examiner stands behind the patient and applies downward pressure to the arm while internally rotating the shoulder.
3. The test is repeated with the shoulder in external rotation.

If pain or clicking is reproduced during internal rotation but not during external rotation, this may indicate a labral tear. However, further diagnostic testing, such as an MRI or arthroscopy, may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and identify the specific type of labral tear.

References:

1. O'Brien SJ, Pagnani MJ, Fealy S, McGlynn SR, Wilson JB. The active compression test: a new and effective test for diagnosing labral tears and acromioclavicular joint abnormality. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26(5):610-613. doi:10.1177/03635465980260050401
2. Andrews JR, Carson WG Jr, McLeod WD. Glenoid labrum tears related to the long head of the biceps. Am J Sports Med. 1985;13(5):337-341. doi:10.1177/036354658501300504
3. Maffet MW, Gartsman GM, Moseley B. Superior labrum-biceps tendon complex lesions of the shoulder. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23(1):93-98. doi:10.1177/036354659502300119