Range of Motion: Knee Extension

To test Knee Extension range of motion with an inclinometer, you will need to follow these steps:

1. Have the client adopt a supine position lying down on a massage table or mat, with both legs out straight. 
2. Place the Measurz inclinometer on the midway point of the tibia.
3. Instruct the client to push their leg down into the surface. Once the client has achieved their maximal knee extension, hit the pause/play, followed by the save button to view and record the results.
4. This test can also be performed passively with the practitioner applying downward pressure, assisting the client to achieve greater range of motion. If this modality is selected, ensure this is recorded in the notes and remain consistent. NB: Aiming for at least least 0 to -10 degrees of knee extension on this test.

The normal Knee Extension range of motion varies among individuals and is dependent on several factors, such as age, sex, and physical activity level. Generally, the normal Knee Extension range of motion for an adult is between 0 and 10 degrees.

References:

1. Kisner, C., & Colby, L. A. (2017). Therapeutic exercise: foundations and techniques. FA Davis.
2. Neumann, D. A. (2016). Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system: foundations for physical rehabilitation. Elsevier Health Sciences.
3. Portney, L. G., & Watkins, M. P. (2015). Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice. FA Davis.
4. Robertson, D. G. E., Caldwell, G. E., Hamill, J., Kamen, G., & Whittlesey, S. N. (2013). Research methods in biomechanics. Human Kinetics.
5. Tousignant-Laflamme, Y., & Martel, M. O. (2015). Measurement properties of the goniometer, inclinometer, and tape measure for range of motion (ROM) assessment of the wrist and forearm: a systematic review. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 31(6), 405-421.