Shoulder Orthopaedic Test: Hara Test

The Hara test is a functional assessment tool used to identify abnormalities in the kinetic chain of the upper extremity. It involves evaluating the coordination and movement patterns of the shoulder, scapula, and arm during a specific movement. Here is a step-by-step procedure for performing the Hara test:

1. Ask the patient to stand with their arms at their sides.
2. Instruct the patient to raise their arms straight in front of them, shoulder-width apart, with their palms facing down.
3. Ask the patient to keep their arms straight and to slowly raise their arms overhead until they touch their ears.
4. Observe the patient's shoulder and scapula movement throughout the entire range of motion.
5. Look for any asymmetry, winging or abnormal movement patterns during the test.
6. Repeat the test with the patient's palms facing up.
7. Ask the patient to hold a light weight in each hand, and repeat the test.
8. Observe for any changes in movement patterns or asymmetry with the added weight.
9. Repeat the test on the other side and compare the results.

References:

1. Page, P., & Frank, C. C. (2010). Assessment and treatment of muscle imbalance: the Janda approach. Human Kinetics.
2. Behrens, S. B., Deren, M. E., & Matson, M. L. (2017). Evaluation and Management of Scapular Dyskinesis. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 10(3), 354-362.
3. Kibler, W. B., & Sciascia, A. (2010). Current concepts: scapular dyskinesis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(5), 300-305.