Hip Orthopaedic Test: FAIR Test

The FAIR (Flexion, Adduction, and Internal Rotation) test is a physical examination technique used to assess for hip joint pathology, such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) or labral tears. Here are the steps to perform the FAIR test:

1. Have the patient lie down on their back on the examination table.
2. Flex the patient's affected hip to 90 degrees.
3. Adduct the hip, bringing the knee towards the midline of the body.
4. Internally rotate the hip, rotating the knee towards the opposite leg.
5. Apply downward pressure on the affected knee, pushing it towards the examination table.
6. Observe the patient's face for any signs of pain or discomfort, and note any limitations in range of motion or joint mobility.

If the patient experiences pain or discomfort in the hip joint during the test, this may indicate hip joint pathology such as FAI or labral tears. However, it is important to note that the FAIR test should be used in conjunction with other examination techniques and diagnostic tests to accurately diagnose hip injuries.

References:

1. Byrd, J. W. (2003). Evaluation of the hip: history and physical examination. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(11), 1019-1029.
2. Martin, R. L., Enseki, K. R., Draovitch, P., & Philippon, M. J. (2006). Acetabular labral tears of the hip: examination and diagnostic challenges. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 36(7), 503-515.
3. Shu, B., & Safran, M. R. (2011). Hip labral tears and femoroacetabular impingement. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 19 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), S8-17.